Arrow. XIV c.
In the Middle Ages, the arrow was one of the most important types of weapons. An arrow discovered during excavations at the city of Saraishyk indicates its use in both military conflicts and hunting. Arrows were usually made of iron, with sharp and durable tips. Such finds confirm the significant military and defensive role of Saraishyk.
Saber. XVII-XVIII cc.
The curved sabre is a bladed weapon with one sharp edge and a broader, slightly convex back. Due to its shape, it was highly effective in combat and especially suitable for cavalry use. The blade length was approximately 80–100 cm, with some longer examples known. The hilt was typically made of bone, horn, or wood and often decorated. The scabbard was made of leather or metal and commonly ornamented.
Spearhead. XIII-XIV cс.
In the Middle Ages, the spearhead was the main combat element of the spear. It was made of metal—most often iron, and sometimes bronze or steel. The spearhead was sharp and sturdy, designed for striking an opponent, and was firmly attached to the shaft.
Incendiary core. XIV с.
An incendiary projectile was a type of ammunition filled with flammable substances such as sulfur, decayed materials, fat, resin, or saltpeter, and was used to set enemy targets on fire. These projectiles were usually made of metal or ceramic, and sometimes of thick fabric or leather. They were launched using catapults, ballistae, and later cannons. In some cases, substances producing toxic smoke were added.
Bronze mirrors. XIV c.
Bronze mirrors were produced by melting an alloy of copper and tin and casting it into molds. The surface was carefully polished and sometimes treated with special acids to achieve a reflective finish. Some mirrors were decorated with ornaments, mythological scenes, animals, and solar symbols. Mirrors served not only practical purposes but also ritual functions.
Bronze lock and horse-shaped locks. XIV c.
Bronze locks in the Middle Ages were used to protect property, gates, and storage buildings. Some were crafted in the shape of horses, serving both protective and decorative purposes. These locks were cast or finely worked and demonstrate the high level of metalworking skills of the period.
Buttons. XV-XVI cc.
Buttons found at the archaeological site of Saraishyk were mostly made of bone. One type featured a single central hole and was decorated with two parallel lines. Another type had five holes and differed in sewing or fastening techniques. These buttons illustrate both the functional and decorative aspects of medieval clothing.
Bone tools for fishing. XV-XVI cc.
In the Middle Ages, fishing tools made from bone were widely used in agriculture and everyday life. Due to their durability and light weight, they were effective for fishing activities. These artifacts provide valuable insight into medieval fishing technologies and daily practices.
Bone products. XV-XVI cc.
Bone artifacts discovered during excavations at the city of Saraishyk indicate their widespread use in medieval daily life. These include tools for rope-making and various implements for leather processing. Such items were durable, lightweight, and practical for everyday хозяйственные tasks.
