Ceramic jugs. Early Iron Age.

Ceramic jugs (сlay pots) were widely used in the daily life of people during the Early Iron Age (2nd–4th centuries AD). They were primarily used for storing and preparing food and various liquids. Pots were handmade. The shape is typically round, with bulging sides, a short neck, and a wide mouth. The bottom is flat for stable placement.

 

Stone hammer. Neolithic period.

The stone hammerhead is a tool from the Neolithic period. The artifact was found broken, indicating long-term use or damage during work. Made of stone using striking, chiseling, and polishing techniques. Originally intended to be attached to a wooden handle to increase impact force and durability.

  

Pestle. Bronze age.

A bronze pestle is a household tool from the Bronze Age. It was mainly used to grind grains, seeds, or other hard substances. The shape is elongated, comfortable to hold, with a thickened striking part for efficiency and long-term use.

  

Whetstone. Neolithic period.

Whetstone is a Neolithic tool. Made from hard rock. Usually rectangular in shape. Techniques such as striking, chiseling, and polishing were used to enhance durability and effectiveness.

  

Microliths. Neolithic period.

Microliths are small stone tools from the Neolithic period. They are found in large quantities, indicating systematic production of weapons and tools for daily life. Usually small, sharp, smooth, or slightly notched. Used as weapon tips or for cutting, carving, or making notches on other objects.

  

Silicon. Neolithic period.

Silicon tools were a primary type of tool in the Neolithic period. Made of hard flint, used in hunting, processing grains, cutting wood and bone, and making notches. Production involved striking, chiseling, and grinding to ensure sharpness and efficiency.

  

Petrified bone. BC.

Petrified bone is an important archaeological artifact of early human history. The fossilization occurred naturally or through paleontological processes with mineralization.

  

Bone. Early Iron Age.

Bones were a main material for household and working tools in the Early Iron Age. Artifacts were mostly made from animal bones and used for various domestic and economic purposes. Techniques included chiseling, carving, polishing, and sometimes decorative carving, reflecting technological skill and efficient material use.

  

Lamps. Early Iron Age.

Oil lamps were household items in the Early Iron Age. Used for lighting and heating. Made from clay and fired for durability. Simple shape with a handle for easy use. When used, rendered sheep fat was poured in, a wick inserted, and lit.

  

Arrows. Saka-Sarmation period.

Arrows were weapons used during the Saka and Sarmatian periods. Used for hunting and warfare. Arrowheads were made of iron or bronze, with various shapes: straight, rounded, two- or three-lobed. Special notches were made for secure attachment to the shaft.